Indian Cricket and Mulliwhaikkal Battle Field

ICC – International Cricket Council, what it should be, but in practical it is Indian Commission for Cricket amounting to International Cricket Collaboration for Indian Cheating Cricket, is known as ICC

Cricket was introduced to the 3^rd world countries by the British colonial rulers as a game for Gentleman, who uphold the principles of fair-play and sportsman ship – spirit of the game while playing the game. But in contrary all sports are played and competed among individuals and teams to uphold those three aspects and develop trust and goodwill among the participants and more importantly, the nations as well represented by the participants.  All the international sports bodies have laid laws and regulations based on above principles and ensure that the objected tasks are equally fulfilled while the organized competitions and matches take place among and between the member nations.
All sports local bodies of member countries are involved collectively with the respective international principal body, to upgrade the playing conditions, and improving the umpiring for equal application of law for all competitors, and intervening at appropriate time to make sure that an unfair paly do not give unjustifiable advantage to one side – all using ultramodern technology. …..in a modern soccer match even an off side rule is confirmed by replaying the monitoring TV visuals and in Tennis the out ball is confirmed by similar manner.

The game cricket does not fall into that fair play, spirit of the game, fair play etc. anymore. All important equality to all participants not ensured of; as long as the cricket rules and regulations were under the sole authority of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and spanned out to member nations everything was going on smoothly and lived up to the name of “Game of Gentleman”. Since 1993 Global cricket was transferred to ICC and England’s local Cricket was taken over by Test and County Cricket Board of England, (TCCB) and every cricket loving people all over the world thought it was good for the sport of cricket to have unfettered from the hold of major nations of cricket England and Australia. But it is not to be, the sport known to be gentleman’s game slowly being bled to death under the ICC and becoming cheating traders’ paradise – no more a game of fair play. On top of it third world cricket boards are well infiltrated by unscrupulous bookies as well – Only countries who have local bodies free of infiltrating bookies are Australia, England and New Zealand  and I am not dealing with that, but the Indian monopoly of cheating cricket of the modern day.  If two different cricket series taking place simultaneously, one against India and the other one is not involving India, the later one only will employ a neutral system and the India involving series will use an erroneous system.  Every Indian cricketer is part of it either knowingly or unknowingly and the man who is known as God of Cricket in India Sachin Tendulkar is no exception – in fact he was made the main culprit of the present day unscrupulous scenario in International cricket by politicos of India.

By 2007 ICC was able to test a system known as Decision Referral System (DRS) to reduce the umpiring errors and promote and develop the sporting spirits through TV replays, Ball -Pitch Mapping and Tracking and sounds for the absolute dismay of India.

India does not want such an error removing or reducing system in place categorically and is adamant against any improvisation further in particular umpiring in cricket.

Why India is shunting the Decision Referral System (DRS) in Cricket

Indian cricket fans are not just fans they are fanatics of India winning cricket only – and the Indian Politicians whoever it may be wanted to keep on that fanatic spell of huge populous cricket spectators, for their selfish benefits so that to divert the populace real livelihood problems at the expense of natural intriguing spell bound ups and down of a meaningful game of cricket – and I dare to declare that there are around 20 million or so populace of India who do not even know what a game of cricket is. There is a clause stipulated by ICC claims that bars politics mixing with game cricket and its local cricket board of a country but India is cleverly maneuvering it in disguise; but ICC smells even a pot hole politics dribbles into the other smaller nations’ cricket board, jumps to the feet as of spirit a sport had been lost, and sees at as a threat to the game, if it is India ICC is blind.

What happened in 2007 trail test series for Decision Referral System (DRS) ICC undertook

India was only apparently silent until the Decision Referral System was first tested in Sri Lanka when the both nations met in a Test series of three tests in 2007. In fact they had put in place insinuate actions to keep out the best available option for better umpiring decisions for a lesser controversial results when such a system was set in motion three or four years before that particular trail test series; neither openly criticized nor welcomed it.  At the behest of Indian political authorities The Board of Control for Cricket for India (BCCI)

Prepared for the trial test series in maneuvering manner.

An electronic engineer by the name of Anil Kumbele was made captain for the three test series and all of its players were advised not to walk and to make and everything harder for the technology and umpires. Indian hope and guess was that there would be some mistakes and they could hang on to that as a blunder of DRS.  Anil Kumbele the skipper of the Indian team that featured the Trial Test Series in Sri Lanka made blundering appeals all to be negated as have been fixed by his mentors, if not how would one explain the referrals made by an experienced cricketer of the caliber of Anil Kumbele? Sachin Tendulkar in his part did not walk as he usually does – for a catch bounced off his bat’s backside when it was caught – on field neutral umpire negated Sri Lankan appeal, but Mehela Jayewardene signaled “T” as for decision referral and the TV replays clearly showed that ball touching the back bat of Sachin Tendulkar and well into the wicket keeper’s gloves – and the third umpire had to declare the batsman out, a naturally honest cricketer Sachin was made dishonest by Indian Political manipulation in cricket – no wonder he was made a parliament member on retirement though in pretext of his illustrious carrier record.

When we elaborate on India’s inferior thinking –Mahela Jayewardene the opposing captain in the Trial Test Series was very successful, 11 overturned out of fourteen as against Anil Kumbele had only one overturned against the same number of referrals.

India lost the trial test series, but it could not hang on to any straw, to find fault technically with the system tested, but blatantly refused to move on with the rest of member countries of the ICC. At least India could have said that they were optimistic and would submit some proposals for an improved version after that trail test series was over, rather than totally rejecting the system blindly on the basis of losing the test series. BCCI is yet to clarify or explain the flaws they claim to there in the DRS, though boasts to be a technically superior nation with rocket and atomic bomb science knowledge.  The Indian chairman of ICC had succeeded in making the DRS system is only optional and not mandatory and have ensured of benefits with the umpire errors, particularly the home series in India. Even an overseas series can be influenced by many means for one sided errors.

This system offers a captain of a team, unlimited opportunities of successful appeals against the suspected decisions of the on field umpires. In other words each and every team is entitled for two unsuccessful appeals.  India is the only cricket playing nation permanently opposing the opportunities of reviewing the on field call of umpires and the ICC has permanently stipulated or agreed to Indian pressure that India does not need to apply DRS in any bilateral series, against any country anywhere.

The ICC has miserably failed in its responsibilities, and washed off its hands on implementing and ensuring equality of playing conditions among the member countries   before taking into count all the matches and individual performances with or without DRS for rankings- this is a gross injustice for the team playing against India considering the circumstance lead to the application of DRS internationally played games. Cash striped ICC have to listen to India, for the cash pumped by India through IPL proceedings but is it worth at the expense of equal playing conditions. It is unjustifiable releasing of flawed rankings and making monstrous propaganda on it.  

If blatantly put, Indian cricket enjoys the errors of the on field umpires and that amounts to fixing of matches particularly of those take place in Indian soil conveniently under cover of human error! Even after TV replays have been introduced to fix the human error, India had meddled with the decisions of the TV Umpire (3^rd umpire) using the organizer status to the good effect. A classic example was Sachin Tendulkar declared not out after initial footage showed he was clearly run out during a world cup match in 1996. Indian history of umpiring in cricket is horrible. We all know what happened in ICC World Cup finals 2011. When India was chasing a modest total of 276, wickets were tumbling, and visiting Rajapaksha and Namal were pressurized (on the lines war crimes) and as a consequence Kumar Sangakkara released himself of leading national cricket team after the treacherous end to the final. ICC does not want to burn its finger. That is the reason behind President Maithripala Sirisena to offer a High Commissioner posting to Kumar Sangakkara on his retirement day from international cricket.  

India is hosting another ICC event this March 2016, all ethics of sports will go six and lost!

BCCI is constantly pressuring Sri Lanka Cricket to be under dog to them, through various means, particularly after the war, we don’t need a cricket administration body just to obey whatever BCCI orders – because India presently on an all-out mission to prove all its neighboring nation are technically naive to it, for its political maneuvering of not just cricket  alone, in other fields as well on the pretext of friendly nations and our politicians and the State leaders has become bulls of Indian Bullock Cart, just shake their heads and pull it the Indian way all along. 
India was successful in unequivocal terms in pressuring the Sri Lanka Cricket for suddenly inserted rehearsal tours just before three major ICC tournaments, to the total dissatisfaction and displeasure of the players and this has become a continuous menace. If Sri Lanka Cricket administration cannot stand on its own and analyze to foresee the dangers and continue the way colonial time meekly submissions to another Cricket Board, better to surrender totally and play cricket as Associate members of ICC and  play Ranjit Trophy all along with Indian States and attain more benefits from IPL.  

If Sri Lanka Cricket had insisted for DRS in the inserted tours India would have been easily budged off of pressuring Sri Lanka Cricket!

At the moment India using Sri Lanka, most probably through war crimes threat to the good effect to meet its own ends of maneuvering!   Bulls of Sri Lanka for Indian Bullock Cart!!

India also pressurized Sri Lanka to bail out Suresh Raina, when he was found red handed sleeping with a sexy decoy off a prominent bookie. There were no any reciprocal benefit for Sri Lanka from a so called friendly Nation  

 This so called technically superior nation has neither any inclination towards keeping the Decision Referral System nor inclined to put forward an improved version of the present DRS, which other Test playing nations would prefer adhering without any complain whatsoever. Particularly the associate members of the ICC welcome the system with both hands, because the system somewhat annihilates complete monopoly of a full member team over the associate members through wrong umpiring decisions in which umpire psychology always have tendency to favour the full member and more, thus there are greater chances recognizing of cricketing talent from the associate member teams – thank god all ICC organized fixtures are played with DRS system.  

One think is very clear, for the game of cricket to retrieve its’ older tradition being a Gentleman’s Game ICC has to be freed from Indian clutches and England & Australia alone should play pivotal role in ICC structuring as in the good old days, or otherwise all member countries should contribute equal shires.

For Sri Lanka it better to fall on the legs of enemy than on the legs of witness (of ?)

 Constitutional Amendments

Attractiveness of A Government Depends on ensuring of Independent and Unbiased Judicial System rather than on an Executive Power. (Revised) 

Good Governance shall be trustful and be attractive to civilians leading to Stability– Executive Power accumulated within  individuals of any office provoke the individual to overrule the laid principles, inducts  mistrust locally as well as Internationally that leads to disastrous consequences

A permanent, broad based, powerful Independent Judicature Commission (IJC) shall be constituted consuming the Attorney General’s Office (DAG), Department of Excise (DoE), Judicial Service Commission (JSC), Bribery Commission(BC) and the Police Commission(PC); thus the commission shall comprise altogether 10 members with the appointment of  04 Supreme Court Judges or equivalent judiciary (SCC), along with Attorney General, respective heads of the units consumed, and the Inspector General of Police  as members, with equal executive powers towards the public responsibility of their respective units. Hence the entire Police Department particularly all the probing units, (Anti-Doping & Prevention of Drug Trafficking, Anti Financial Fraud and Corruption, FCID, TID etc.) shall come under the purview of this commission.

All 4 SCC members of the IJC shall be appointed by the Constitutional Council of the Parliament, comprising of all ethnicity of Parliamentarians, drawn from MPs of all political party represented in the Parliament. There should be a provision to disqualify as a political party that fails to nominate a MP to the Constitutional Council within stipulated time not more than 10 days. The five member Supreme Council of the IJC, will in turn recommend names to be appointed as Attorney General, Chairman, Director General and members for the other component independent units of IJC to the Constitutional Council of the Parliament. 

Attorney General though being Secretary of the IJC, will retain his powers, as the head of the Department of Attorney General, though consumed by IJC, would be the only person empowered to communicate outside the commission. He also would be empowered to appoint a secretary to receive public complaints on behalf of IJC and forward them to the high profile SCC members of the commission who are free of heading the individual units of the IJC, such as DoE, JSC, BC, and PC. All heads of the respective units will be inter connected within themselves as well as to the Supreme Council component (SCC) through an IT networking communication.

Main objectives of this set up is to completely free the entire judiciary system, from any form of political manipulation during appointment stages and in the day to day affairs in implementation of law equally to all irrespective of their status, politically or of administratively.

During an Election involving Election Commission

One of the important function of the IJC to spontaneously syndicates with Election Commissioner, as soon as an election proclamation is made by the Election Commissioner; IJC and EC will make a proclamation to this effect as well as to effect the transitory takeover of Telecommunication Regulatory Commission and all the Print and Electronic Media owned and partnered by the Government to ensure a Free and Fair information dissemination towards the voter. IJC shall monitor the private media as well to the same effect and any institution breaching the code of conduct for free and fair election during an election shall also  inducted into the transitory takeover, until the proclamation of end of election. This ensures all existing election laws are prudently implemented with absolute authority and impartiality at all the elections. There will be fixed dates for each election unless otherwise Speaker of the Parliament or Head of State (can only) proclaim (impending) cessation of a term. During an election, Instantaneous Indictment and Jurisdiction leading even to disqualification of candidates for electioneering misuse of State Office, converting State Property and Public Trust Funds into bribe or any other move with intentions of buying the votes, and those who involve in intimidation violence and pollution; hence equipped with enough manpower for the entire country including the small islands as well as with ultramodern technology as well.

All component units of IJC will keep their original integrity intact, and this setup ensures the respective heads appointed by the Constitutional Council of the Parliament and independently achieve their respective objective without being part of any Political anarchy, political manipulations and individual political pressurization apart from inducting the all officials to execute their duties intelligently free of fear.

The Provincial Police as well will come under the purview of IJC.

A supreme factor we have to remember is that the whole Judiciary System is for the people irrespective of ethnicity. The security forces’ main objective should be ensuring each and every citizen of this land living peacefully and dignity with self -respect. Grabbing the lands owned by the poor citizen, nothing other than the land on the pretext of maintenance of the security forces is a crime against humanity and mankind. Such acts will not sow the seeds of reconciliation in those minds of population but permanent hate to the majority community.

In addition ensuring, appropriate fundamental procedures are practiced in local and foreign collaborated deals and projects, ensuring media freedom and transparency in all issues as well will come under the purview of IJC. Tracking down of accumulation of wealth in excess of income and Tax evaders to enforce the law are part of its responsibility.

All the Sports Bodies of governing each sports would submit a monthly report on all of their financial transactions to IJC, and IJC will also ensure these Sports Bodies are democratically elected as per International Standards free of ministerial or political interference through the Dept. of Sports Administration.

Proposed IJC and its functioning also shall prevent State Leaders blatantly believing that being elected to a public office is a license to plunder the public property of the nation and for the other criminal activities and go unscathed under the disguise of political revenge claim alternatively or under the disguise of “Patriotic” who, eradicated  terrorism. At least to exonerate the patriotic from all allegations, there should be an absolutely independent powerful integrated state mechanism. 

The descriptions "Disappearances", "missing persons"  cannot be a part of permanent vocabulary of a respectful state's administrative system, and be accounted of as well. 

The IJC shall also be part of National Security Council through its supreme component SCC and its Secretary the Attorney General.  Economic vandalism through fraud, corruption and bribery by elected members as well as by the state officials is a serious threat to the National security and economic stability.

Is it Possible that DNA Genetic Material itself to fool the Definite Determination?  Part VIII

Final Episode 

Real Fathers may escape responsibility of fathering; Lawyers shall stand on their toes on floor to question the protocols used by laboratories, to determine a real father. 

Whatever the forensic DNA test, it should stand as a supporting evidence only, and cannot be depended upon as sole evidence to conclude a case; conventional system of penal code procedure shall sum up the results of the entire evidence along with the results of DNA test, whether it is negative or positive, however modern technique science could be. 

Further enhancing the knowledge of genetics will further the strengthen us to understand the pros and cons of the applications of DNA studies for any related fields.

Pairing

All animals and plants consists of chromosomes in pairs within their each cell nucleus, and are known to be diploid chromosomes or diploid chromosomal pattern. But the sperm cell and ova of all animals would only contain the half the number of chromosomes in order to ensure only the component quota within the Zygote, the first cell of next generation – the fertilized ova, that goes on a division spree to attain the embryonic status.

Common Name	Genus and Species All Consisting of 3.3 billion Base  Pairs	Diploid Chromosome
Buffalo	Bubalus bubalis Riverine	23+1 = 48
	Bubalus bubalis Swamp	24+1 = 50
Camel	Camelus dromedaroius	33+3+1 = 74
Cat	Felis catus  - all felines	18+1 = 38
Cattle	Bos taurus, B. indicus	29+1 = 60
Dog	Canis familiaris – most of the canines	38+1 = 78
Donkey	Equis asinus	30+1 = 62
Goat	Capra hircus	29+1 = 60
Horse	Equis caballus	31+1 = 64
Human	Homo sapiens	22+1 = 46
Pig	Sus scrofa	18+1 = 38
Rabbit	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21+1 = 44
Sheep	Ovis aries	26+1 = 54

Though it is said each and every cell of the animals carry diploid set chromosomes, as in the above list, red blood cells (RBC) of all mammals including human void of nucleus and do not carry any chromosomes. Camals & Camelidae family mammals RBC do carry nucleus as well as chromosomes is an exception. Except camels all listed above consists of one pair as sex chromosomes X Y and the rest are known as autosomal chromosomes. Though camels are also have one pair little sized sex chromosomes but adjoined with another 3 pairs of autosomal chromosomes.

Human Sex Determination

Paired non-sex chromosomes 22 are, for practical purposes, identical in size, shape, and position and number of genes. Because each member of a pair of non-sex chromosomes contains one of each corresponding gene, there is in a sense a backup for the genes on those chromosomes. These are known as autosomal  chromosomes. 

The 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes (X and Y).

A chromosome is made of a very long strand of DNA and contains many genes (hundreds to thousands).

The pair of sex chromosomes determines whether a fetus becomes male or female. Males have one X and one Y chromosome, called Heterogamete XY. A male’s X comes from his mother and the Y comes from his father.

Homogamete XX of Females would have one X from mother and another X chromosome from father.

In all the mammals, the female is XX and the male is XY.

Primary sex determination is the determination of the gonads the precursor cells of Testicles or Ovaries.

In mammals, primary sex determination is strictly chromosomal and is not usually influenced by the environment.

Every individual must have at least one X chromosome.

Since the female is XX, each of her eggs has a single X chromosome.

The male, being XY, can generate two types of sperm: half bear the X chromosome, half the Y. If the egg receives another X chromosome from the sperm, the resulting individual is XX, forms ovaries, and is female.

If the egg receives a Y chromosome from the sperm, the individual is XY, forms testes, and is male. The Y chromosome carries a gene that encodes a testis-determining factor. This factor organizes the gonad into a testis rather than an ovary.

The mammalian Y chromosome is a crucial factor for determining sex in mammals. A person with five X chromosomes and one Y chromosome (XXXXXY) would be male. Furthermore, an individual with only a single X chromosome and no second X or Y (i.e., XO) develops as a female and begins making ovaries, although the ovarian follicles cannot be maintained. For a complete ovary, a second X chromosome is needed.

In mammalian primary sex determination, there is no “default state” (as of, there is no definite either male or female). The formation of ovaries and testes are both active, gene-directed processes. Moreover, as we shall see, both diverge from a common precursor, the bi-potential gonad.

The gonads cells function uniquely from all the other embryonic cells. All other organ rudiments can normally develop into only one type of organ. A lung rudiment can become only a lung, and a liver rudiment can develop only into a liver.

The gonadal rudiment, however, has two normal options. When it differentiates, it can develop into either an ovary or a testis. The path of differentiation taken by this rudiment determines the future sexual development of the organism. But, before this decision is made, the mammalian gonad first develops through a bipotential (probable for both) stage, an indifferent stage, during which time it has neither female nor male characteristics.

In humans, the gonadal rudiments appear in the intermediate mesoderm during the 4^th week and remain sexually indifferent until 7^th week. From 8^th weekly begin to differentiate into female if the carried chromosome pair is XX or into a male if the carried one are XY

Secondary sex determination affects the bodily phenotype (appearance) outside the gonads. A male mammal has a penis, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland. A female mammal has a vagina, cervix, uterus, oviducts, and mammary glands. In many species, each sex has a sex-specific size, vocal cartilage, and musculature. These secondary sex characteristics are usually determined by hormones secreted from the gonads. However, in the absence of gonads, the female phenotype is generated. When Jost (1953) removed fetal rabbit gonads before they had differentiated, the resulting rabbits had a female phenotype, regardless of whether they were XX or XY. They each had oviducts, a uterus, and a vagina, and each lacked a penis and male accessory structures.

The general scheme of mammalian sex determination is that, if the Y chromosome is absent, the gonadal primordia develop into ovaries. The ovaries produce estrogen, a hormone that enables the development of the Müllerian duct into the uterus, oviducts, and upper end of the vagina.

If the Y chromosome is present, testes form and secrete two major hormones. The first hormone—anti-Müllerian duct hormone (AMH; also referred to as Müllerian-inhibiting substance, MIS)—destroys the Müllerian duct. The second hormone—testosterone—masculinizes the fetus, stimulating the formation of the penis, scrotum, and other portions of the male anatomy, as well as inhibiting the development of the breast primordia. Thus, the body has the female phenotype unless it is changed by the two hormones secreted by the fetal testes.

I have refrained from going into the details of DNA based explanation for sex determination, and have used very conservative, still scientific chromosome based explanation, which is very fitting and enough to understand the basics of sex determination.

DNA Replication is an important process in life and is almost similar to the DNA transcription for the Gene Expressing.  Cells reproduce by splitting in two. Because each new cell requires a complete set of DNA molecules, the DNA molecules in the original cell must reproduce (replicate) themselves during cell division. Replication happens in a manner similar to transcription, except that the entire double-strand DNA molecule unwinds and splits in two. After splitting, bases on each strand bind to complementary bases (A with T, and G with C) floating nearby. When this process is complete, two identical double-strand DNA molecules exist.

Mutation

To prevent mistakes during replication, cells have a “proofreading” function to help ensure that bases are paired properly. There are also chemical mechanisms to repair DNA that was not copied properly. However, because of the billions of base pairs involved in and the complexity of the protein synthesis process, mistakes can happen. Such mistakes can occur for numerous reasons including exposure to radiation, drugs, or viruses or drastic environment or for no apparent reason. Minor variations in DNA are very common and occur in most people. Most variations do not affect subsequent copies of the gene. Mistakes that are duplicated in subsequent copies are called mutations. Mutations that affect the reproductive cells may be passed on to offspring. Mutations that do not affect reproductive cells affect the descendants of the mutated cell (for example, becoming a cancer) but are not passed on to their offspring. Mutations may be unique to an individual or family, and most mutations are rare. Mutations that become so common that they affect more than 1% of a population are called polymorphisms (for example, the human blood types A, B, AB, and O). Most polymorphisms have no effect on the phenotype (appearance).  

Mutations may involve small or large segments of DNA. Depending on its size and location, the mutation may have no apparent effect or it may alter the amino acid sequence in a protein or decrease the amount of protein produced. If the protein has a different amino acid sequence, it may function differently or not at all. An absent or nonfunctioning protein is often harmful or fatal.

Natural selection refers to the concept that mutations that impair survival in a given environment are less likely to be passed on to offspring (and thus become less common in the population), whereas mutations that improve survival progressively become more common. Thus, beneficial mutations, although initially rare, eventually become common. The slow changes that occur over time caused by mutations and natural selection in an interbreeding population collectively are called evolution. The environment we live will play a role in the distant long run, what organ to be improved and what to be lost for best survival chances.

Abnormalities-: We know that females have two X chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. In certain ways, sex chromosomes function differently than non-sex chromosomes. The smaller Y chromosome carries the genes that determine male sex as well as a few other genes. The X chromosome contains many more genes than the Y chromosome, many of which have functions besides determining sex and have no counterpart on the Y chromosome. In males, because there is no second X chromosome, these extra genes on the X chromosome are not paired and virtually all of them are expressed. Genes on the X chromosome are referred to as sex-linked, or X-linked, genes. Normally, in the non-sex chromosomes, the genes on both of the pairs of chromosomes are capable of being fully expressed. However, in females, most of the genes on one of the two X chromosomes are turned off through a process called X inactivation (except in the eggs in the ovaries). X inactivation occurs early in the life of the fetus. In some cells, the X from the father becomes inactive, and in other cells, the X from the mother becomes inactive. Thus, one cell may have a gene from the person’s mother and another cell has the gene from the person’s father. Because of X inactivation, the absence of one X chromosome usually results in relatively minor abnormalities. Thus, missing an X chromosome is far less harmful than missing a non-sex chromosome. If a female has a disorder in which she has more than two X chromosomes, the extra chromosomes tend to be inactive. Thus, having one or more extra X chromosomes causes far fewer developmental abnormalities than having one or more extra non-sex chromosomes. For example, women with three X chromosomes (triple) XXX syndrome are often physically and mentally normal. Most but in contrast males who have more than one Y chromosome XYY are not physically and mentally normal.

Science will not bury the truth, unless it is buried voluntarily!    

In birds, along with some reptiles, fishes and in some invertebrates sex determination chromosomes are termed Z and W system, in which homo-gametes is male ZZ and female is hetero-gametes as such completely reversed to that of mammals’ XY system. 

                                                                                                                                  Concluded.